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“Everybody knows that the uncertainty principle says you can’t measure with arbitrary precision both the position and the momentum of a harmonic oscillator,” explains Preskill, who is at Caltech. For example, Google’s Sycamore machine, with which it claimed quantum advantage in 2019, contained just 54 qubits.īack in 2001, theoretical physicists Daniel Gottesman, Alexei Kitaev and John Preskill proposed storing information non-locally in exotic quantum states of an oscillator that became known as GKP states. This is not a panacea, however, because increasing the number of qubits in a quantum computer is not easy. Most quantum error-correction algorithms do this by using multiple qubits to encode the same information. If quantum information is stored non-locally, therefore, it should be possible to recover it. The key to overcoming this problem lies in the fact that noise is local – it does not affect different parts of a system in a non-random way. “When you are repairing errors, you may introduce new errors because measurement is invasive in quantum mechanics,” says Devoret. In quantum computers, noise-related errors are a much more significant problem because of the delicate nature of the quantum states used to create qubits.Įrrors in a quantum computer come from fundamentally classical sources, explains Michel Devoret of Yale University in Connecticut: “The computation is derailed by parasitic noise or thermal noise.” However, fixing errors is not a simple matter. Noise is inevitable in any system, and conventional computers use error correction to stop noise from corrupting calculations. Webinars Tune into online presentations that allow expert speakers to explain novel tools and applications.Video Watch our specially filmed videos to get a different slant on the latest science.Podcasts Our regular conversations with inspiring figures from the scientific community.Audio and video Explore the sights and sounds of the scientific world.Supercool physics Experiments that probe the exotic behaviour of matter at ultralow temperatures depend on the latest cryogenics technology.The science and business of space Explore the latest trends and opportunities associated with designing, building, launching and exploiting space-based technologies.Revolutions in computing Find out how scientists are exploiting digital technologies to understand online behaviour and drive research progress.Nanotechnology in action The challenges and opportunities of turning advances in nanotechnology into commercial products.#BlackInPhysics Celebrating Black physicists and revealing a more complete picture of what a physicist looks like.Artificial intelligence Explore the ways in which today’s world relies on AI, and ponder how this technology might shape the world of tomorrow.Collections Explore special collections that bring together our best content on trending topics.Innovation showcases A round-up of the latest innovation from our corporate partners.Projects and facilities Follow the latest progress at the world’s top scientific experiments.Policy and funding Understand how emerging policy changes could affect your work and career.Education and outreach Learn about novel approaches to educating and inspiring the scientists of the future.Business and innovation Find out how recent scientific breakthroughs are driving business innovation and commercial growth.Impact Explore the value of scientific research for industry, the economy and society.Personalities Find out who’s doing what in industry and academia.Interviews Discover the views of leading figures in the scientific community.Opinion and reviews Find out whether you agree with our expert commentators.Careers Consider your career options with valuable advice and insightful case studies.People Meet the people behind the science.Events Plan the meetings and conferences you want to attend with our comprehensive events calendar.Blog Enjoy a more personal take on the key events in and around science.Analysis Discover the stories behind the headlines.Features Take a deeper look at the emerging trends and key issues within the global scientific community.News Stay informed about the latest developments that affect scientists in all parts of the world.
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